On the History of the Study of Ancient Greek in Russia in the 19th Century: Hesiod’s Poems for Students in Autograph Manuscripts of K. F. Grossheinrich

Authors

  • Ludmila I. Shchegoleva Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32A, Leninsky pr., Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2023.215

Abstract

This paper deals with the Russian classical philologist, teacher and translator of German origin Karl Friedrich Grossheinrich and with his works on the adaptation of Hesiod’s poems “Theogony” and “Works and Days” for students. Brief information is given on the methodology of teaching foreign languages by Grossheinrich and on the method of using adapted texts for reading ancient Greek epic poetry discovered by him. The Greek text of Hesiod’s poems is analyzed in detail in Grossheinrich’s autographs from the manuscripts of the Russian State Library RSL F. 201 no. 30 and RSL F. 201 no. 31. It is established that the manuscripts contain adapted text intended for students. The methods of text editing with the help of which Attic forms are substituted for Homeric ones are revealed. The source of the Latin translation of Hesiod’s poems in Grossheinrich’s autographs is established. The adapted Greek text is compared with the editions of Hesiod’s poems, and the variae lectiones are analyzed. Information is given about the entry of Grossheinrich’s manuscripts in the unpublished part of the catalog of A. S. Norov’s library. The significance of Grossheinrich’s manuscripts is established: It is believed to be a gift to the Minister of Public Education A. S. Norov — in the light of the controversy around the need for classical education in Russia in the 19th century. In the Appendices there are: (1) an excerpt from the “Theogony” according to the manuscript RSL F. 201 no. 30, (2) examples of Grossheinrich’s text editing of Hesiod’s poems, (3) Russian translation of Horace’s ode revised by Grossheinrich and dedicated by him to A. S. Norov, and (4) the accompanying letter of K. F. Grossheinrich to A. S. Norov, 1857, April 10, in French, with Russian translation.

Keywords:

ancient Greek, manuscripts, Russian State Library, education, 19th century, Hesiod, K. F. Grossheinrich, A. S. Norov

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
 

References

Литература

Бурнашева Е. П. Переписка ученицы с наставником . СПб., тип. Д. И. Калиновского, 1861.

Валькова О. А. Штурмуя цитадель науки. Женщины-ученые Российской империи. М., НЛО, 2019.

Гроссгейнрих К. В. Елисавета Кульман и ее стихотворения. Библиотека для чтения 1849a, 94, 69–117 (третьей пагинации).

Гроссгейнрих К. В. Елисавета Кульман и ее стихотворения. Библиотека для чтения 1849b, 95, 1–34 (третьей пагинации).

Исаков Н. В. Отчет по Московскому Публичному Музею от времени основания его до 1-го января 1864 года. СПб., Тип. Рогальского и К., 1864.

Кунин В. В. Библиофилы пушкинской поры. М., Книга, 1979.

Никитенко А. В. Дневник. [М.], Гослитиздат, 1955. Т. 1. 1826–1875.

Рождественский С. В. Исторический обзор деятельности Министерства народного просвещения. 1802–1902. СПб., Имп. Академия наук, 1902.

Смирнов-Сокольский Н. [П.] Рассказы о книгах. М., Изд-во Всесоюзной книжной палаты, 1959.

[Соболевский С. А.] Рец.: Библиотека Авраама Сергеевича Норова (Bibliothèque de Mr. Abraham de Norov). Часть 1. СПб., Тип. Имп. Академии наук, 1868. Русский архив 1869, 4, 64–65.

Соловьев Д. Н. Пятидесятилетие С.-Петербургской Первой гимназии. 1830–1880. СПб., Тип. II Отделения Собств. Е. И. В. Канцелярии, 1880.

Файнштейн М. Ш. Писательницы пушкинской поры. Историко-литературные очерки. Л., Наука, 1989.

Файнштейн М. Ш. «И славу Франции в России превзойти»: Российская Академия (1783–1841) и развитие культуры и гуманитарных наук. СПб., Дмитрий Буланин, 2002.

Файнштейн М. Ш. Александр Семенович Шишков (1754–1841), в кн.: Г. А. Богатова (ред.) Отечественные лексикографы XVIII–XX веков. 2-е изд. М., Русская панорама, 2011, 46–60.

Фонкич Б. Л. Греческие рукописи А. С. Норова. Православный Палестинский сборник 1998, 98, 123–131.

Черепнин Н. П. Императорское воспитательное общество благородных девиц. Исторический очерк. 1764–1914. Пг., Государственная типография, 1915. Т. 3.

Astman Ledkovsky M., Rosenthal Ch., Zirin M. F. (eds) Dictionary of Russian Women Writers. Westport (CT) — London, Greenwood Press, 1994.

Canevaro L.-G. Hesiod’s Works and Days: An Interpretative Commentary. Durham theses. Durham University, 2012. URL: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5255/ (accessed: 14.02.2023).

Freninger F. X. (ed.) General-Repertorium über sämmtliche an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu Landshut von 1800 bis 1826 immatrikulirte Studirende. Für das Landshuter Studiengenossen-Fest vom 22. Juli 1860 zusammengestellt. Friedberg, Druck und Verlag der J. Eichleiter’schen Buchdruckerei, 1861.

Freninger F. X. (ed.) Das Matrikelbuch der Universität Ingolstadt-Landshut-München. Rectoren Professoren Doctoren 1472–1872. Candidaten 1772–1872. München, Druck und Verlag von A. Eichleiter in Friedberg, 1872.

Fresse-Montval A. (ed.) Oeuvres complètes d’Hésiode, traduites en vers français, avec le texte grec en regard, précédées d’une biographie d’Hésiode, d’un discours préliminaire, de sommaires et éclaircissements relatifs à chacun de ces poems; suivies d’une traduction en vers français des principales imitations qui ont été faites en grec, en latin, etc. Paris, Langlois et Leclercq, 1843.

Gerhard E. (ed.) Hesiodi Theogonia. Ad codicum fidem recensuit Eduardus Gerhardius. Berolini, Typis et impensis G. Reimeri, 1856.

Graevius J. G. (ed.) Ἡσιόδου Ἀσκραίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Hesiodi Ascraei quae extant ex recensione J. G. Graevii, cum ejusdem animadversionibus & notis. Accedunt nota inedita Josephi Scaligeri, et Francisci Guieti. Amstelodami, apud Danielem Elzevirium, 1667.

Heinsius D. (ed.) Ἡσιόδου Ἀσκραίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Hesiodi Ascraei quae extant, Cum Graecis Scholiis, Procli, Moschopuli, Tzetzae, in Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέρας: Io. Diaconi & incerti in reliqua. Accessit liber singularis, in quo doctrina Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμερῶν, eiúsque institutum, contra opinionem, quae obtinuit, ostenditur. [Lugduni Batavorum], Ex officina Plantiniana Raphelengij, 1603.

[Hesiodus]. Hesiodi Opera & dies & Theogonia & Clypeus. Theognidis Sententiae. Sibyllae Carmina de Christo, quorum mentionem facit Eusebius & Augustinus. Mvsaei opusculum de Herone & Leandro Orphei Argonautica, Hymni, & de Lapidibus. Florentiae, Impressum per Benedictum Iunctam, 1540.

[Hesiodus]. Hesiodi Ascraei poetae vetvstissimi ac sapientissimi Opera, quae quidem extant, omnia Graecè, cum interpretatione latina è regione, ut conferri à graecae linguae studiosis citra negotium possint. Adiectis etiam ijsdem latino carmine elegantiss[imo] uersis, & Genealogię deorum à Pylade Brixiano uiro doctiss[imo] descriptae Libris V. Item, Ioannis Grammatici Cognomento Tzetzis, Scholia Graeca in eadem omnia Hesiodi opera, nunc primum, quàm emendatißime ex manuscripto exemplari in publicum edita. Basileae, [1542].

[Hesiodus]. Hesiodi carmina ad optimorum librorum fidem accurate edita. Ed. stereotypa. Lipsiae, Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii, 1829.

Hoogenboom H. Biographies of Elizaveta Kul’man and Representations of Female Poetic Genius, in: M. Liljeström, A. Rosenholm, I. Savkina (eds) Models of Self: Russian Women’s Autobiographical Texts. Helsinki, Kikimora Publications, 2000, 17–32.

Jeżowski J. (ed.) Homeri Odysseae rhapsodiae sex, quibus Ulyssis errorum narratio absolvitur. Mosquae, Typis Simeonis Selivanowski, 21830.

Kovacs D. Horace, Pindar and the Censorini in Odes 4.8. JRS 2009, 99, 23–35.

Lehrs F. S., Dübner F. (eds) Ἡσιόδου ποιήματα. Hesiodi Carmina. Ἀπολλωνίου Ἀργοναυτικά. Μουσαίου τὰ καθ’ Ἡρὼ καὶ Λέανδρον. Κολούθου ἁρπαγή Ἑλένης. Κόιντου τὰ μεθ’ Ὅμηρον. Τριφιοδώρου ἅλωσις Ἰλίου. Τζέτζου προομηρικά, κ.τ.λ. Apollonii Argonautica. Musaei Carmen de Herone et Leandro. Coluthi Raptus Helenae. Quinti Posthomerica. Tryphiodori Excidium Ilii. Tzetzae Antehomerica, etc. Graece et latine cum indicibus nominum et rerum ed. F. S. Lehrs. Asii, Pisandri, Panyasidis, Choerili, Antimachi Fragmenta cum commentariis aliorum et suis adjecit F. Dübner. Parisiis, Didot, 1841.

Mavroudi M. Homer in Greece from the End of Antiquity 2: Homer after Byzantium, from the Early Ottoman Period to the Age of Nationalisms, in: C. O. Pache, C. Dué, S. Lupack, R. Lamberton (eds) The Cambridge Guide to Homer. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 473–489.

Μητσάκης Κ. Ὁ Ὅμηρος στὴ νέα ελληνικὴ λογοτεχνία. Αθήνα, Εκδόσεις Ελληνική Παιδεία, 1976.

Miltner F. Dichtungen von Elisabeth Kulmann. Heidelberg, Georg Weiß, 1875.

Paley F. A. (ed.) The Epics of Hesiod with an English Commentary. London, Whittaker & Co., 1861.

[Schischkoff A. S.] Gespräche eines Greisen mit einem jungen Mädchen. Aus dem Russische übersetzt von Karl Friedrich von Gross-Heinrich, Doctor beider Rechte. S. Petersburg, in der Buchdruckerey der Kayserlichen Russischen Akademie, 1835.

Schischkoff A. [S.] Kurzes Tagebuch während des Krieges mit Frankreich im Jahre 1812 und in den folgenden. Übers. v. K. F. v. Grossheinrich. St-Petersburg, in der Kaiserlichen Russischen Akademie, 1841. 1–4. Theil.

Schrevel C. (ed.) Ἡσιόδου Ἀσκραίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Hesiodi Ascraei quae extant. Cum Notis, ex probatissimis quibusdam Autoribus, brevissimis, selectissimisque. Accedit insuper Pasoris index, auctior multo hac novissima editione, & multo correctior. Amstelodami, Typis Ludovici & Danielis Elzeviriorum, 1657.

Σκαρβέλη-Νικολοπούλου Α. Μαθηματάρια των ελληνικών σχολείων κατά την τουρκοκρατία. Διδασκόμενα κείμενα, σχολικά προγράμματα, διδακτικές μέθοδοι: Συμβολή στην ιστορία της νεοελληνικής παιδείας. Αθήνα, Σύλλογος προς Διάδοσιν Ωφελίμων Βιβλίων, 1993.

Thiel H., van (ed.) Scholia D in Iliadem. Proecdosis aucta et correctior 2014 secundum codices manu scriptos. Köln, Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek, 2014.

Verdenius W. J. A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days, vv. 1–382. Leiden, Brill, 1985. (Mnemosyne. Supplements. Vol. 86).

Verzeichniß der Studierenden, welche sich in dem churfürstlichen Schulhause zu München durch Talente, und Fleiß ausgezeichnet, und Preise erhalten haben, im Jahre 1796 [... — im Jahre 1801]. [München], Gedruckt bey Joseph Zängl, bürgerlichen Stadtbuchdrucker, [1796–1801].

Wanner A. A Forgotten Translingual Pioneer: Elizaveta Kul’man and her Self-Translated Poetry. Полилингвиальность и транскультурные практики 2019, 16 (4), 562–579.


References

Astman Ledkovsky M., Rosenthal Ch., Zirin M. F. (eds) Dictionary of Russian Women Writers. Westport (CT) — London, Greenwood Press, 1994.

Burnasheva E. P. Correspondence of a Student with a Teacher. St Petersburg, Tipografiia D. I. Kalinovskogo Publ., 1861 (in Russian).

Canevaro L.-G. Hesiod’s Works and Days: An Interpretative Commentary. Durham theses. Durham University, 2012. URL: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5255/ (accessed: 14.02.2023).

Cherepnin N. P. Imperial Educational Society of Noble Maidens. Historical essay. 1764–1914. Petrograd, Gosudarstvennaia tipografiia Publ., 1915. Vol. 3 (in Russian).

Fainshtein M. Sh. Women Writers of the Pushkin’s Time. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1989 (in Russian).

Fainshtein M. Sh. “And Surpass the Glory of France in Russia”: The Russian Academy of Sciences (1783–1841) and the Development of Culture and Humanities. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin Publ., 2002 (in Russian).

Fainshtein M. Sh. Alexandr Semenovich Shishkov (1754–1841), in: G. A. Bogatova (ed.) Russian Lexicographers of the 18th –19th centuries. 2nd ed. Moscow, Russkaia panorama Publ., 2011 (in Russian).

Fonkich B. L. Greek manuscripts of A. S. Norov. Pravoslavnyi Palestinskii Sbornik 1998, 98, 123–131 (in Russian).

Freninger F. X. (ed.) General-Repertorium über sämmtliche an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu Landshut von 1800 bis 1826 immatrikulirte Studirende. Für das Landshuter Studiengenossen-Fest vom 22. Juli 1860 zusammengestellt. Friedberg, Druck und Verlag der J. Eichleiter’schen Buchdruckerei, 1861.

Freninger F. X. (ed.) Das Matrikelbuch der Universität Ingolstadt-Landshut-München. Rectoren Professoren Doctoren 1472–1872. Candidaten 1772–1872. München, Druck und Verlag von A. Eichleiter in Friedberg, 1872.

Fresse-Montval A. (ed.) Oeuvres complètes d’Hésiode, traduites en vers français, avec le texte grec en regard, précédées d’une biographie d’Hésiode, d’un discours préliminaire, de sommaires et éclaircissements relatifs à chacun de ces poems; suivies d’une traduction en vers français des principales imitations qui ont été faites en grec, en latin, etc. Paris, Langlois et Leclercq, 1843.

Gerhard E. (ed.) Hesiodi Theogonia. Ad codicum fidem recensuit Eduardus Gerhardius. Berolini, Typis et impensis G. Reimeri, 1856.

Graevius J. G. (ed.) Ἡσιόδου Ἀσκραίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Hesiodi Ascraei quae extant ex recensione J. G. Graevii, cum ejusdem animadversionibus & notis. Accedunt nota inedita Josephi Scaligeri, et Francisci Guieti. Amstelodami, apud Danielem Elzevirium, 1667.

Grossheinrich K. V. Elisaveta Kulman and her Poems. Biblioteka dlia Chteniia 1849a, 94, 69–117, 3rd pagination (in Russian).

Grossheinrich K. V. Elisaveta Kulman and her Poems. Biblioteka dlia Chteniia 1849b, 95, 1–34, 3rd pagination (in Russian).

Heinsius D. (ed.) Ἡσιόδου Ἀσκραίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Hesiodi Ascraei quae extant, Cum Graecis Scholiis, Procli, Moschopuli, Tzetzae, in Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέρας: Io. Diaconi & incerti in reliqua. Accessit liber singularis, in quo doctrina Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμερῶν, eiúsque institutum, contra opinionem, quae obtinuit, ostenditur. [Lugduni Batavorum], Ex officina Plantiniana Raphelengij, 1603.

[Hesiodus]. Hesiodi Opera & dies & Theogonia & Clypeus. Theognidis Sententiae. Sibyllae Carmina de Christo, quorum mentionem facit Eusebius & Augustinus. Mvsaei opusculum de Herone & Leandro Orphei Argonautica, Hymni, & de Lapidibus. Phocylidis Paraenesis. Florentiae, per Benedictum Iunctam, 1540.

[Hesiodus]. Hesiodi Ascraei poetae vetvstissimi ac sapientissimi Opera, quae quidem extant, omnia Graecè, cum interpretatione latina è regione, ut conferri à graecae linguae studiosis citra negotium possint. Adiectis etiam ijsdem latino carmine elegantiss[imo] uersis, & Genealogię deorum à Pylade Brixiano uiro doctiss[imo] descriptae Libris V. Item, Ioannis Grammatici Cognomento Tzetzis, Scholia Graeca in eadem omnia Hesiodi opera, nunc primum, quàm emendatißime ex manuscripto exemplari in publicum edita. Basileae, [1542].

[Hesiodus]. Hesiodi carmina ad optimorum librorum fidem accurate edita. Ed. stereotypa. Lipsiae, Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii, 1829.

Hoogenboom H. Biographies of Elizaveta Kul’man and Representations of Female Poetic Genius, in: M. Liljeström, A. Rosenholm, I. Savkina (eds) Models of Self: Russian Women’s Autobiographical Texts. Helsinki, Kikimora Publications, 2000, 17–32.

Isakov N. V. Report on the Moscow Public Museum from the time of its foundation to January 1, 1864. St Petersburg, Tipografiia Rogal’skogo & Co. Publ., 1861 (in Russian).

Jeżowski J. (ed.) Homeri Odysseae rhapsodiae sex, quibus Ulyssis errorum narratio absolvitur. Mosquae, Typis Simeonis Selivanowski, 21830.

Kovacs D. Horace, Pindar and the Censorini in Odes 4.8. JRS 2009, 99, 23–35.

Kunin V. V. Bibliophiles of the Pushkin’s time. Moscow, Kniga Publ., 1979 (in Russian).

Lehrs F. S., Dübner F. (eds) Ἡσιόδου ποιήματα. Hesiodi Carmina. Ἀπολλωνίου Ἀργοναυτικά. Μουσαίου τὰ καθ’ Ἡρὼ καὶ Λέανδρον. Κολούθου ἁρπαγή Ἑλένης. Κόιντου τὰ μεθ’ Ὅμηρον. Τριφιοδώρου ἅλωσις Ἰλίου. Τζέτζου προομηρικά, κ.τ.λ. Apollonii Argonautica. Musaei Carmen de Herone et Leandro. Coluthi Raptus Helenae. Quinti Posthomerica. Tryphiodori Excidium Ilii. Tzetzae Antehomerica, etc. Graece et latine cum indicibus nominum et rerum ed. F. S. Lehrs. Asii, Pisandri, Panyasidis, Choerili, Antimachi Fragmenta cum commentariis aliorum et suis adjecit F. Dübner. Parisiis, Didot, 1841.

Mavroudi M. Homer in Greece from the End of Antiquity 2: Homer after Byzantium, from the Early Ottoman Period to the Age of Nationalisms, in: C. O. Pache, C. Dué, S. Lupack, R. Lamberton (eds) The Cambridge Guide to Homer. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 473–489.

Μητσάκης Κ. Ὁ Ὅμηρος στὴ νέα ελληνικὴ λογοτεχνία. Αθήνα, Εκδόσεις Ελληνική Παιδεία, 1976.

Miltner F. Dichtungen von Elisabeth Kulmann. Heidelberg, Georg Weiß, 1875.

Nikitenko A. V. Diary. [Moscow], Goslitizdat Publ., 1955. Vol. 1 (in Russian).

Paley F. A. (ed.) The Epics of Hesiod with an English Commentary. London, Whittaker & Co., 1861.

Rozhdestvenskii S. V. Historical overview of the activities of the Ministry of Public Education. 1802–1902. St Petersburg, Imperatorskaia Akademiia nauk Publ., 1902 (in Russian).

[Schischkoff A. S.] Gespräche eines Greisen mit einem jungen Mädchen. Aus dem Russische übersetzt von Karl Friedrich von Gross-Heinrich, Doctor beider Rechte. S. Petersburg, in der Buchdruckerey der Kayserlichen Russischen Akademie, 1835.

Schischkoff A. [S.] Kurzes Tagebuch während des Krieges mit Frankreich im Jahre 1812 und in den folgenden. Übers. v. K. F. v. Grossheinrich. S. Petersburg, in der Kaiserlichen Russischen Akademie, 1841. 1–4. Theil.

Schrevel C. (ed.) Ἡσιόδου Ἀσκραίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Hesiodi Ascraei quae extant. Cum Notis, ex probatissimis quibusdam Autoribus, brevissimis, selectissimisque. Accedit insuper Pasoris index, auctior multo hac novissima editione, & multo correctior. Amstelodami, Typis Ludovici & Danielis Elzeviriorum, 1657.

Σκαρβέλη-Νικολοπούλου Α. Μαθηματάρια των ελληνικών σχολείων κατά την τουρκοκρατία. Διδασκόμενα κείμενα, σχολικά προγράμματα, διδακτικές μέθοδοι: Συμβολή στην ιστορία της νεοελληνικής παιδείας. Αθήνα, Σύλλογος προς Διάδοσιν Ωφελίμων Βιβλίων, 1993.

Smirnov-Sokol’skii N. P. Stories about books. Moscow, Vsesoiuznaia knizhnaia palata Publ., 1959 (in Russian).

[Sobolevskii S. A.]. Rec.: Library of Abraham Sergeyevich Norov. Pt 1. St Petersburg, Imperatorskaia Akademiia Nauk Publ.,1868. Russkii arkhiv, 1869, 4, 64–65 (in Russian).

Solov’iev D. N The Fiftieth Anniversary of the St Petersburg First Gymnasium. 1830–1880. Historical Note. St Petersburg, Tipografiia Vtorogo Otdeleniia Sobstvennoi E. I. V. Kantsel’arii Publ., 1880 (in Russian).

Thiel H., van (ed.) Scholia D in Iliadem. Proecdosis aucta et correctior 2014 secundum codices manu scriptos. Köln, Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek, 2014.

Val’kova O. A. Storming the Citadel of Science. Women Scientists of the Russian Empire. Moscow, Novoie literaturnoe obozreniie Publ., 2019 (in Russian).

Verdenius W. J. A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days, vv. 1–382. Leiden, Brill, 1985. (Mnemosyne. Supplements. Vol. 86).

Verzeichniß der Studierenden, welche sich in dem churfürstlichen Schulhause zu München durch Talente, und Fleiß ausgezeichnet, und Preise erhalten haben, im Jahre 1796 [... — im Jahre 1801]. den 23ten August. [München], Gedruckt bey Joseph Zängl, bürgerlichen Stadtbuchdrucker, [1796–1801].

Wanner A. A Forgotten Translingual Pioneer: Elizaveta Kul’man and her Self-Translated Poetry. Polilingval’nost’ i Transkul’turnyie Praktiki 2019, 16 (4), 562–579.

Published

2023-12-30

How to Cite

Shchegoleva, L. I. (2023). On the History of the Study of Ancient Greek in Russia in the 19th Century: Hesiod’s Poems for Students in Autograph Manuscripts of K. F. Grossheinrich. Philologia Classica, 18(2), 360–379. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2023.215

Issue

Section

De philologis et philologia